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Cynic philosopher

  • 1 κύων

    κύων [ῠ], ὁ and ἡ, both in Hom., the masc. more freq., gen. κῠνός, dat. κῠνί, acc. κύνα, voc.
    A

    κύον Il.8.423

    ,

    κύων Archipp.6

    : pl., nom. κύνες, gen. κυνῶν, dat.

    κυσί Il.17.272

    , al., [dialect] Ep.

    κύνεσσι 1.4

    , acc. κύνας:—dog, bitch, Hom., etc.; of shepherds' dogs, Il.10.183, 12.303; watch-dogs, 22.66; but in Hom. more freq. of hounds, Il.8.338, al.;

    κυσὶ θηρευτῇσι 11.325

    ;

    κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360

    ; later, when of hounds, mostly in fem., S.Aj.8, E.Hipp.18, etc.;

    κ. Λάκαινα Pi.Fr. 106

    , S.l.c., X. Cyn.10.1, cf. Arist.HA 608a27, al.; Μολοττικαὶ κ. Alexis Hist. ap. Ath.12.54od, etc.; but

    Ἰνδικοί Arist.GA 746a34

    , cf. Hdt.1.192: prov., κυσὶν πεινῶσιν οὐχὶ βρώσιμα 'not fit for a dog', Com.Adesp.1205.4;

    χεῖρον ἐρεθίσαι γραῦν ἢ κύνα Men.802

    ; κύνα δέρειν δεδαρμένην 'flog a dead horse', Pherecr.179; ἡ κ. κατακειμένη ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ 'dog in the manger', Luc.Ind.30, al.; χαλεπὸν χορίω κύνα γεῦσαι it's ill to let a dog 'taste blood', Theoc.10.11; νή or μὰ τὸν κύνα was a favourite oath of Socrates, Pl.Ap. 22a (cf. Sch.), Grg. 482b; used familiarly at Athens, Ar.V.83; οἷς ἦν μέγιστος ὅρκος.. κύων, ἔπειτα χήν· θεοὺς δ' ἐσίγων, of primitive men, Cratin.231.
    II as a word of reproach, freq. in Hom. of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity; applied by Helen to herself, Il.6.344, 356; by Iris to Athena, 8.423; by Hera to Artemis, 21.481: of the maids in the house of Odysseus, Od.18.338, al.: later, in a coarse sense, Ar.V. 1402; ἡ ῥαψῳδὸς κ., of the Sphinx, S.OT 391, cf.A.Fr. 236 (lyr.); of men,

    κακαὶ κ. Il.13.623

    ; implying recklessness, 8.299, 527, Od.17.248, 22.35; also of offensive persons, compared to yapping dogs, LXX Ps.21(22).17, Ep.Phil.3.2; κ. λαίθαργος, = λαθροδήκτης, metaph., of a person, S.Fr. 885, cf. E. Fr. 555: prov.,

    μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κ. Ev.Matt.7.6

    .
    2 metaph., of persons, watch-dog, guardian, τῶν σταθμῶν κ., of Agamemnon, A. Ag. 896; δωμάτων κ., of Clytemnestra, ib. 607, cf. Ar.Eq. 1023.
    3 of the Cynics,

    ἀρέσκει τούτοις κυνῶν μεταμφιέννυσθαι βίον Phld.Sto.Herc. 339.8

    : hence, Cynic philosopher, Arist.Rh. 1411a24, AP7.65 (Antip.), 413 (Id.), Plu.2.717c, Ath.5.216b, Epigr. ap. D.L.6.19, 60, Baillet Inscriptions des tombeaux des rois 172.
    III freq. in Mythology of the servants, agents or watchers of the gods, Διὸς πτηνὸς κύων, of the eagle, A.Pr. 1022, cf. Ag. 136 (lyr.), S.Fr. 884; of the griffins,

    Ζηνὸς ἀκραγεῖς κ. A.Pr. 803

    ; of the Furies,

    μετάδρομοι.. πανουργημάτων ἄφυκτοι κ. S.El. 1388

     (lyr.), cf. A.Ch. 924, E.Fr. 383; Pan is the κύων of Cybele, Pi.Fr.96: Pythag., Περσεφόνης κύνες, of the planets, Arist. Fr. 196: so Com., Ἡφαίστου κ., of sparks, Alex.149.16; of various mythical beings, as Cerberus,

    κ. Ἀΐδαο Il.8.368

    , cf. Od.11.623, X. An.6.2.2; Harpies, A.R.2.289; of Hecate, in Mithraic worship, Porph.Abst.4.16; of the

    Βάκχαι, Λύσσας κ. E.Ba. 977

     (lyr.); Λέρνας κ., of the hydra, Id.HF 420 (lyr.); of a great fish,

    Τρίτωνος κ. Lyc. 34

    .
    IV dog-fish or shark, Od.12.96, cf. Epich.68, Cratin.161, Arist.HA 566a31; κ. ἄγριος, κ. γαλεός and κ. κεντρίτης or κεντρίνη, Opp.H.1.373, Ael.NA1.55; ξιφίας κ., of the sword-fish, Anaxipp. 2.3.
    V = σείριος (q.v.), dog-star, i.e. the hound of Orion, Il.22.29; in full,

    σειρίου κυνὸς δίκην S.Fr. 803

    , cf. A.Ag. 967;

    κυνὸς ψυχρὰν δύσιν S.Fr.432.11

    ;

    πρὸ τοῦ κυνός Eup.147

    ; μετὰ κυνὸς ἐπιτολήν, περὶ κ. ἐ., Arist.Mete. 361b35, HA 602a26; ἐπὶ κυνί ib. 600a4, Syngr. ap. D. 35.13;

    ὑπὸ κύνα Arist.HA 547a14

    , D.S.19.109;

    περὶ κύνα Thphr.CP 3.3.3

    ;

    μετὰ κύνα Id.HP1.9.5

    ; also of the whole constellation, Arat. 327, Gal.17(1).17.
    VI the ace, the worst throw at dice, Poll.9.100, Eust.1289.63.
    VII frenum praeputii, Antyll. ap. Orib.50.3.1: with pun on the prov. ap.Pherecr.l.c. (supr. 1), Ar.Lys. 158: with pun on signf.v, AP5.104 (Marc. Arg.).
    VIII fetlock of a horse, Hippiatr. 77.
    X = ἀπομαγδαλία, Dsc. ap. Eust.1857.19.
    XI ξυλίνη κ., = κυνόσβατος, Orac. ap. Did ap.Ath.2.70c.
    XII piece in the game of πόλεις, Cratin.56.3 (dub.). (Cf. Skt. śvā, gen. śúnas, Lith. šuõ, gen. šuñs, Lat. canis, Goth. hunds ([etym.] κύων), etc.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κύων

  • 2 ἐχθρός

    ἐχθρός, ά, όν (s. prec. entry; Hom.+) ‘hostile’
    ① pert. to being subjected to hostility, hated, pass. (Hom.; θεοῖς ἐ. since Hes., Theog. 766, also Pla., Rep. 1, 23, 352b; Epict. 3, 22, 91; Ael. Aristid. 28, 15 K.=49 p. 495 D.; Alciphron 3, 12, 5; Athen. 6, 225c; Achilles Tat. 7, 6, 3, likew. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 35 καὶ θεοῖς ἐ. καὶ ἀνθρώποις.—Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 88 πᾶς ἐ. θεῷ) Ro 11:28, where the pass. sense becomes at least quite probable because of the contrast w. ἀγαπητός, otherwise the passage belongs in 2bα.
    ② pert. to being hostile, hating, hostile, act. (Pind., Hdt. et al.; LXX)
    ⓐ adj. (X., An. 1, 3, 12; 20; PGM 36, 144; Sir 36:9; Jos., Ant. 11, 27; Just., D. 93, 2 ἐν συνειδήσεσιν ἐ.; Mel., P. 16, 110 al.) ἐ. ἄνθρωπος (Horapollo 2, 35) Mt 13:28. The position of ἐ. before ἄ. (difft. Esth 7:6) suggests that ἐ. is an adj. here, giving the sense hostile person; but ἄ. by itself could also serve to emphasize indefiniteness: some enemy = any enemy at all (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. ad loc.). Then this example would also belong to b.
    ⓑ subst. (Hes., Pind.; PEdg 14 [=Sb 6720], 18 [257/256 B.C.]; LXX, En 103:12; Test12Patr, EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; SibOr 3, 727) ὁ ἐ. the (personal) enemy.
    α. abs. 2 Cl 6:3. Enemies of humans (PsSol 17:13; Ar. 15:5; Just., A I, 68, 1 al; Mel., P. 24, 175 al.) Lk 1:74; 2 Th 3:15; D 1:3b; B 16:4; 2 Cl 13:4. Enemies of God or Christ (Just., A I, 51, 1) Ro 5:10; 11:28 (but s. 1 above); 1 Cor 15:25; Col 1:21; 1 Cl 36:6. Death as the last enemy 1 Cor 15:26. The devil as enemy (cp. TestSol 1:2 D; TestJob 47:10; TestDan 6:3f; JosAs 12:8; GrBar 13:2; ApcMos 2:7 al. Mel., P. 102, 783) Lk 10:19; cp. Mt 13:39.
    β. w. gen. of the pers. who is the obj. of the enmity: people Mt 5:43f; Lk 6:27, 35 (cp. Ox 1224 Fgm. 2 recto I, 2; Delph. commands: SIG 1286 I, 15; 16 [III B.C.] φίλοις εὐνόει, ἐχθροὺς ἀμύνου; Sextus 213 εὔχου τοὺς ἐχθροὺς εὐεργετεῖν; Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78 φίλον μὴ λέγειν κακῶς, ἀλλὰ μηδὲ ἐχθρόν; Epict. 3, 22, 54 as a principle of the Cynic philosopher: δερόμενον φιλεῖν [δεῖ] αὐτοὺς τοὺς δέροντας … ὡς ἀδελφόν ‘while enduring a flogging he must think as a brother and love his very floggers’; Vi. Aesop. G 110 P.; Hierocles 7 p. 430 οὐδεὶς ἐχθρὸς τῷ σπουδαίῳ … μισεῖ οὐδένα ἄνθρωπον … φιλία πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους.—HHaas, Idee u. Ideal d. Feindesliebe in d. ausserchr. Welt 1927; MWaldmann, D. Feindesliebe in d. ant. Welt u. im Christent. 1902; TBirt. Chr. Welt 29, 1915, 475–83; FKattenbusch, StKr 89, 1916, 1–70; PFiebig, ibid. 91, 1918, 30–64; 305f; JYates, Theology 44, ’42, 48–51; Betz, SM 301–13); Mt 10:36; 13:25; Lk 1:71; 19:27; Ro 12:20 (Pr 25:21); Gal 4:16; Rv 11:5, 12; GJs 6:3. God or Christ as the object of enmity Mt 22:44; Mk 12:36; Lk 20:43; Ac 2:35; Hb 1:13; 10:13; B 12:10; 1 Cl 36:5 (all Ps 109:1). ἐχθρὸς τ. θεοῦ Js 4:4 (cp. Aeschyl., Prom. 120 ὁ Διὸς ἐ.; Just. D. 93, 4 ὡς ἐ. θεοῦ).
    γ. w. gen. of that which is the obj. of the enmity (Demosth. 45, 66; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 48 ἀληθείας ἐ., Somn. 2, 90 λογισμοῦ; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 291 ἀδικίας) ἐ. πάσης δικαιοσύνης enemy of all righteousness Ac 13:10. ἐ. τοῦ σταυροῦ τ. Χριστοῦ Phil 3:18 (OLinton, ConNeot 4, ’36, 9–21).—B. 1345. Schmidt, Syn. III 496–506. EDNT. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐχθρός

  • 3 κυνικός

    κῠνικός, ή, όν, ([etym.] κύων)
    A dog-like, X.Cyr.5.2.17 (v.l. for ὑϊκόν)

    ; τὸ κ. καὶ θηριῶδες τῶν ὀρέξεων Plu.2.133b

    ; κ. σπασμός unilateral facial paralysis, Cels.4.3.1, Gal.18(2).930; κ. καύματα heat of the dogdays, Polyaen.2.30.3: metaph., ὁ ἄνθρωπος κ. currish, churlish, LXX 1 Ki.25.3. Adv. -

    κῶς, σπώμενοι Heliod.

     ap. Orib.48.38 tit.; in doglanguage, opp. βοϊκῶς, etc., Porph.Abst.3.3.
    II Κυνικός, ὁ, Cynic, as the followers of the philosopher Antisthenes were called, from the gymnasium ([etym.] Κυνόσαργες) where he taught, D.L.6.13; or from their resemblance to dogs in several respects, Diog.Cyn. ap. eund.6.60, Metrod.16, Polystr.p.20 W., Elias in Cat.111.2, etc.;

    Κράτητι τῷ κ. Men.117

    ; κ. αἵρεσις, ἄσκησις, φιλοσοφία, Ph.1.352, J.AJ6.13.6, Jul.Or.6.187a;

    παρρησία κ. Plu.2.69c

    ;

    τὸ κ. τῆς παρρησίας Id.Brut. 34

    . Adv. [comp] Comp. - ώτερον Id.2.601e.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κυνικός

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